REM502 Research Methodologies Research Report 3 Sample
Assignment Brief
This task is an individual assessment and accounts for 40% of your overall grade. It is designed to provide the direction of your future research project. You are required to develop the research proposal based on the research problem and question(s) formulated in Assessment Task 1 and the methodology and research tools determined in Assessment Task 2.
Ensure that you take into consideration the University ethos “Here for Good” in your research. approach. Please refer to the Task Instructions section below for details on how to complete this task.
Research Proposal Report
The Report that forms part of this assessment task should contain the following sections:
• Title: Usually a single, concise sentence that accurately reflects the topic of the proposed research.
• Introduction: Provides the background and context for the proposed research. It includes the:
o research questions
o aims and objectives, and
o hypothesis.
The introduction should also address how the research project addresses the University ethos “Here for Good”. The introduction should be 1-2 paragraphs in length.
• Literature Review
Using the Resources You Identified in Assessment Task
1. Write a literature review that situates your research project in the existing field. Outline the larger context for the research. Determine what research gap your project fills. Feel free to include any/all of the following:
o Conceptual diagrams.
o Flow charts.
o Interface research.
o Code snippets or pattern.
Ensure that you use APA style in-text referencing throughout your report. Your literature review should be 1,000-1,500 words long.
• Methodology and Methods
Outline which research methodology (e.g., qualitative, quantitative or mixed methods) will be used for your research project. Describe which methods you intend to use. Outline the software design. Relate the methodologies and methods to the research question(s) – which methods are being used to address the research question(s)? What tools/research instruments are you planning on using?
How do you plan on triangulating your data? What ethical issues need to be taken into consideration? How has ethics influenced the development of your research tools?
Feel free to include any/all of the following:
o Conceptual diagrams.
o Flow charts.
o Interface research.
o Code snippets or patterns.
For this section, you will need to REWRITE and edit the work that you submitted for the previous assessment task. DO NOT SELF-PLAGIARISE.
• Conclusion
A one paragraph summary of the research proposal linking research questions with proposed methodology.
• Proposed Timeline (assuming 12 weeks duration) outlining major deliverables. Gantt chart is recommended.
• Referencing
It is essential that you use appropriate APA style for citing and referencing sources
Solution
1 Research Approach
Research Philosophy:
This research will be conducted qualitatively and will use interpretivism philosophy and an inductive approach to analyse the emergent implications of AI in cricket and the associated operational issues. Thus, the interpretivist paradigm is most appropriate for this research since it assumes that reality is socially constructed and there may be different perceptions of managing AI’s impact on cricket in the sport among stakeholders (Saunders et al., 2019). Hence, this approach is common with the goal of the study to obtain the experiences and the views of the players, the coaches, the analysts, the administrators as well on the use of artificial intelligence within the cricketing activities.
Research Design:
The inductive research design is appropriate for the current study because the paper aims to discover new theoretical findings based on the collected data rather than evaluating established hypotheses. This approach is suitable for the type of investigation within the study as cricket being a sporting domain has fairly recently embraced artificial intelligence and naturally, there is scant literature available particularly for the context under investigation (Najjar, 2023). The administration of a qualitative method is said to be more suitable to provide answers to the research questions because the method enables the assessment of stakeholders’ experiences, perceptions and findings concerning the adoption of AI in cricket (Busetto et al., 2020). Given the dynamics of AI adoption in sports, which are cross-cutting and which involve interdependent players with diverse and overlapping interests and drivers, a research design that can accommodate subjectivity and context is therefore appropriate for university assignment help.
The qualitative research paradigm is appropriate for the study goals of identifying how AI is related to automated training approaches, whether AI helps advance sport-related analyses, and what the difficulties and issues of AI implementation in cricket are (Longo, 2019). It will be this approach that will provide a thick description of how AI is transforming operations, training, and decision-making in cricket. In so doing and in using an interpretivism philosophy and inductive approach, this research will establish how the various stakeholders in cricket have different meanings in as much as the implementation of the AI technologies and also identify the social and cultural factors that they perceive influence AI adoption in cricket (Moyo et al., 2020). In addition, to explore new themes and patterns in the data which will help to develop new theoretical approaches to the use of AI in sports and to remain open to changes in reasoning and perceiving during the process of research.
This will enable not only a better understanding of the effects that advanced technologies have in cricket but the human, organizational, and ethical aspects as well. This will allow for adequate and efficient answers to the research questions and produce useful knowledge to be further employed in the scientific field and practical in the development of artificial intelligence in sports.
2. Research Design
The research method for this study is a qualitative one having used the questions above in developing a multi-method research plan that closely fits the objective and aims of the study in offering a thorough analysis of the likely consequences of AI in cricket, the analytical role of AI in the sport, as well as the operational issues associated with it. This design incorporates three primary methods: The qualitative nature of the study revealed itself in the use of semi-structured interviews, case studies, and document analysis. Combining these methods is expected to increase the validity and reliability of the study by providing multiple viewpoints and sources of information (Hong et al., 2019).
Semi-Structured Interviews:
The most significant type of qualitative data collection will therefore be semi-structured interviews. These interviews would be conducted with the professionals encompassing players, both professional and semi-professional ones, coaches, trainers, team analysts, data scientists joined with cricket administration and officials, and AI and technology experts in sports. The semi-structured format has been chosen because it offers the advantage of a relative similarity of the interviews while at the same time providing the interviewers with the opportunity to follow up on themes in the process (Alamri, 2019). The semi-structured interview guide will be prepared based on research questions and findings from the literature review, thus including questions about participants’ experience with AI for training and learning, their perception of how AI influences player performance/decision-making, ethical issues, issues related to the application of AI in training, and their expectations for AI in the future.
Case Studies:
To support the interview data, the research design is comprised of 2-3 deep case studies with cricket teams or organizations that have adopted AI technologies within the organisation (Beal et al., 2019). These case studies are going to give real-life examples of AI implementation which can help to understand the situation and challenges in implementing these technologies in cricket. That is, the criteria for case selection will include the current level of AI implementation, the size of the team/organisation, the number of resources available and the geographical location of the team/organisation to pay for cultural differences in AI implementation (Awan et al., 2021). The collection of data for these case studies will involve a document analysis of the program, observation of at least one AI training session or match (if available), and interviews of at least two stakeholders for each case.
Document Analysis
The third element of the research design involves a systematic and documented analysis (Sileyew, 2019). This will involve gathering and scrutinizing practical documents such as articles, reports, white papers, policies and guidelines from cricketing bodies, and technical data on AI systems used in cricket among other sources. This document analysis will offer important directions and contexts for the primary data collection activities, including trends, current challenges, and best practices in AI applications in cricket.
Combining these three approaches, the proposed research design will seek to provide an overarching understanding of how AI affects cricket, on technical, human, organisational, and ethical levels. This multiple-method approach will help the study to answer all its research questions and provide important information that can be useful for both theoretical and practical purposes as to the application of artificial intelligence in sports.
3 Sampling Strategy
The sampling technique used in this study will include every possible book and article on the implementation of AI in cricket to include diversified opinions in the study. For those willing to be interviewed, two research sampling techniques will be used; convenience sampling and purposive sampling for the participants and the cases, respectively.
Interview Participants
In the case of choosing people to be interviewed, the study shall use purposive sampling. In this approach participants are recruited purposively, that is identified and chosen knowingly to produce relevant data to answer the research questions (Ngozwana, 2018). Its purpose is to guarantee the inclusion of all the important interest groups that can be distinguished in the cricket system, such as players, trainers, analysts, team administrators, and even IT specialists. The rationale for this approach is twofold; first, it is important to estimate the feasibility of the study and second, the number of participants included in the sample is calculated based on the patron model where the initial target sample size is set at 20-25 participants until a point of data saturation is reached (Nathan, 2019). Due to this flexible approach, interviews can be carried Continuation of interviews until saturation that is, until there is no further identification of noteworthy themes and ideas. To reduce the risk of bias, participants from different geographical locations will be asked to participate in the study as well as at different levels of the sport; international, domestic and club. This diversity will be useful for judging how the implementation of AI might differ across contexts and competing levels.
Case Studies
For case selection, a maximum variation sampling approach will be used. The use of this approach will seek to offer a broad view of the implementation of AI in cricket and the experience of those involved across different organizational settings (Sadekar et al., 2024). The specific potential cases will be screened using various approaches, as a result of contacts with professionals in the field, a review of the literature, and a survey of the relevant media sources. However, the willingness of the organizations under focus to participate and provide access to in-depth study will be an important criterion for elimination. This sampling technique helps the study include a diverse population that enriches the results and increases the possibility of generalization of the findings.
4 Data Collection Procedures
The approach towards data collection of this study is aimed at maintaining credibility, reliability and sufficiency in the coverage of the research questions. Three main protocols will be implemented for data collection:
Interview Protocol
The questions will be developed and formatted into a semi-structured interview guide and tested on 2-3 participants to make necessary adjustments (Adeoye?Olatunde, & Olenik, 2021). The identified protocol is going to consist of an introduction and obtaining informed consent, demographic questions, questions regarding the research objectives, additional questions aimed at providing more detailed answers to the questions posed in the protocol, and the closing remarks with a debrief. The interviews will be conducted by trained researchers with knowledge of cricket and the concepts of AI and they will be audio-recorded and transcribed for content analysis.
Case Study Protocol
To minimize the aspects of over-interpretation of these cases, a detailed case study protocol will be prepared for all the cases (Hancock et al., 2021). These will consist of a summary of the case study aim and objectives, specifics of collecting data- for instance documents to be requested; observation protocols, a list of case study questions based on research objectives and a case study report format. Different data collection tools will be used in each case to improve the reliability of the results as well as use different sources of data to allow for crosschecking.
Document Collection
Documents to be used for analysis will be searched for using a systematic search strategy (Bramer et al., 2018). This will involve the use of search engines to search for academic literature, industry databases and repositories, websites of the cricketing associations and technology suppliers and news and media databases. The screening of all the documents will be done before they are used in the analysis of the research to select only those that are relevant and of high quality.
5 Data Analysis
The standardized qualitative data collected through interviews, case studies, and documents will be analyzed through a thematic analysis technique (Swain, 2018). These steps will constitute the analytical process of this writing and will be as follows:
? Getting to know the data through reading the transcripts and documents multiple times.
? Open coding creates the first set of codes to capture the parts of the text that could be described by a label.
? Categorizing codes in potential themes and subthemes to identify themes that capture patterns and relationships.
? Concluding the themes in connection with the coded extracts and the whole material at large.
? Proper definition and codification of themes with accurate names.
? Preparation of analysis report inclusive of themes to the research questions together with literature.
The coding and theme development process will be carried out using qualitative data analysis software known as NVivo. To increase reliability, approximately 20% of the data will be coded by two researchers and differences in coding will be discussed. Such an elaborate structure of research will guarantee an in-depth and qualitative analysis of AI implications in cricket.
6. Ethical Considerations
In this study, the aspect of ethical conduct is important because emerging technologies in particular have significant implications that can affect stakeholders of cricket. To this end, the research team is safeguarding high ethical considerations to ensure that all the participants in the study are respected.
Informed Consent
The research will adhere to the principle of informed consent in the course of the study. All recruited participants will be informed about the objectives of the study, measures to be taken in the course of the study, and the possible harms and benefits of the research. These facts will be explained simply and indeed in layman's terms in such a way that even a layperson will comprehend. All the interviewees and the case study participants will be required to sign a written informed consent before they are involved. In the consent form, the idea of volunteering to participate in the study will be highlighted and a participant will be free to withdraw from the study at will without any repercussions (Xu et al., 2020). Before giving the consent, participants will be encouraged to ask questions and seek clarifications.
Confidentiality and Data Protection
Respecting the privacy of the participants and safeguarding the information collected is an essential part of the ethical considerations. To protect the participants’ identity, all data to be collected will be anonymized during transcription (Rowlands, 2021). Such measures as the use of aliases when presenting results in addition to deletion or blurring of such features that may lead to the identification of the individuals involved will be employed. The research team shall ensure that all data collected is safe through encryption of the devices used together with the use of secure passwords that are only known to the researchers in the team. To ensure that the threat of data loss is deeply reduced, the transfer and communication of data will be normalized.
Ethical Approval
Before the data collection process is underway, approval from the University’s Research Ethics Committee will be secured (Bos, 2020). An elaborate ethics application will be prepared that captures the general and specific approach, uncompensated risks, and management measures. The study will observe every ethical requirement in the act, and the regulations in data protection, participant rights, and research integrity. All recommendations or conditions which may be given by the Ethics Committee will be well anchored in the research work.
7. Timeline
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Figure 1: Project Timeline
(Source: Self-created)
(Source: Self-created)
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Figure 2: Project Gantt chart
(Source: Self-created)
8. Conclusion
The above-mentioned methodology and methods have been developed in a way to cover all the research questions that are related to the rising impact of AI in cricket along with the related operational issues. In light of this, the research will use a multi-method qualitative research approach to enhance the understanding of the relationship between the use of IT and organizational enactment in AI adoption in cricket. The use of multiple data sources and the stringent data analysis techniques used in the study will enhance the credibility and reliability of the findings and offer well-matured information to cricket stakeholders and the sports technology fraternity.
References
Adeoye?Olatunde, O. A., & Olenik, N. L. (2021). Research and scholarly methods: Semi?structured interviews. Journal of the american college of clinical pharmacy, 4(10), 1358-1367. Retrieved from: https://docs.lib.purdue.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1004&context=phprpubs , Retrieved on: 13.08.2024
Alamri, W. A. (2019). Effectiveness of qualitative research methods: Interviews and diaries. International Journal of English and Cultural Studies, 2(1), 65-70. Retrieved from: https://core.ac.uk/download/pdf/228085022.pdf , Retrieved on: 13.08.2024
Awan, M. J., Gilani, S. A. H., Ramzan, H., Nobanee, H., Yasin, A., Zain, A. M., & Javed, R. (2021). Cricket match analytics using the big data approach. Electronics, 10(19), 2350. Retrieved from: https://www.mdpi.com/2079-9292/10/19/2350/pdf , Retrieved on: 13.08.2024
Beal, R., Norman, T. J., & Ramchurn, S. D. (2019). Artificial intelligence for team sports: a survey. The Knowledge Engineering Review, 34, e28. Retrieved from: https://eprints.soton.ac.uk/436900/1/Artificial_Intelligence_for_Team_Sports_A_Survey.pdf , Retrieved on: 13.08.2024
Bos, J. (2020). Research ethics for students in the social sciences (p. 287). Springer Nature. Retrieved from: https://library.oapen.org/bitstream/handle/20.500.12657/42569/1/2020_Book_ResearchEthicsForStudentsInThe.pdf , Retrieved on: 13.08.2024
Bramer, W. M., De Jonge, G. B., Rethlefsen, M. L., Mast, F., & Kleijnen, J. (2018). A systematic approach to searching: an efficient and complete method to develop literature searches. Journal of the Medical Library Association: JMLA, 106(4), 531. Retrieved from: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6148622/ , Retrieved on: 13.08.2024
Busetto, L., Wick, W., & Gumbinger, C. (2020). How to use and assess qualitative research methods. Neurological Research and practice, 2(1), 14. Retrieved from: https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1186/s42466-020-00059-z.pdf , Retrieved on: 13.08.2024
Hancock, D. R., Algozzine, B., & Lim, J. H. (2021). Doing case study research: A practical guide for beginning researchers. Retrieved from: https://www.academia.edu/download/53447095/Review_of_Doing_Case_Study_Blank___Wolgemuth_2017.pdf , Retrieved on: 13.08.2024
Hong, Q. N., Pluye, P., Fàbregues, S., Bartlett, G., Boardman, F., Cargo, M., ... & Vedel, I. (2019). Improving the content validity of the mixed methods appraisal tool: a modified e-Delphi study. Journal of clinical epidemiology, 111, 49-59. Retrieved from: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0895435618300829 , Retrieved on: 13.08.2024
Longo, L. (2019, September). Empowering qualitative research methods in education with artificial intelligence. In World conference on qualitative research (pp. 1-21). Cham: Springer International Publishing. Retrieved from: https://arrow.tudublin.ie/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1343&context=scschcomcon , Retrieved on: 13.08.2024
Moyo, T., Duffett, R., & Knott, B. (2020). Environmental factors and stakeholders influence on professional sport organisations engagement in sustainable corporate social responsibility: A South African perspective. Sustainability, 12(11), 4504. Retrieved from: https://www.mdpi.com/2071-1050/12/11/4504/pdf , Retrieved on: 13.08.2024
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Xu, A., Baysari, M. T., Stocker, S. L., Leow, L. J., Day, R. O., & Carland, J. E. (2020). Researchers’ views on, and experiences with, the requirement to obtain informed consent in research involving human participants: a qualitative study. BMC medical ethics, 21, 1-11. Retrieved from: https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1186/s12910-020-00538-7.pdf , Retrieved on: 13.08.2024
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