NURBN2023 Pathophysiology and Pharmacology Applied to Person-Centred Nursing Essay Sample
Practice A
Assessment task: Video Essay
Overview:
The objective of this task is to explore and explain the pathophysiology and pharmacology of the scenario. This should include the pathophysiology, treatment and individual considerations raised in he case study.
References:
You are required to
1. Reference a minimum of ten academic sources that you used to create your video. Sources need to be high quality textbooks maximum 5 years old or peer reviewed journals maximum ten years old. Australian Government websites may be included as references (up to two).
2. Utilise APA 7th edition referencing style
3. Upload the reference list separately to the video.
4. Ensure you reference intext during the presentation (either on slides or onscreen or any other creative way)
Value of the task:
The weighting of the task is 40% of your overall grade for the semester.
Marking Criteria:
Marking criteria can be found on the Moodle page in the assessment section.
Feedback:
Feedback will be provided via the online marking system. As per course description, assignments will be marked and returned to students with feedback in four (4) weeks.Due
Overview:
The objective of this task is to explore and explain the pathophysiology and pharmacology of the scenario. This should include the pathophysiology, treatment and individual considerations raised in the case study.
You are required to
1. Reference a minimum of ten academic sources that you used to create your video.
Sources need to be high quality textbooks maximum 5 years old or peer reviewed journals maximum ten years old. Australian Government websites may be included as references (up to two).
2. Utilise APA 7th edition referencing style
3. Upload the reference list separately to the video.
4. Ensure you reference intext during the presentation (either on slides or onscreen or any other creative way)
Value of the task:
The weighting of the task is 40% of your overall grade for the semester.
Marking Criteria:
Marking criteria can be found on the Moodle page in the assessment section.
Feedback:
Feedback will be provided via the online marking system. As per course description, assignments will be marked and returned to students with feedback in four (4) weeks.
Instructions:
As a nursing student and future registered nurse, it is paramount that you communicate, partner with the patients, and engage in collaborative practices with other members of the nursing and inter professional team.
This assignment is a video essay based on a clinical scenario. It will enable you to showcase your understanding of a disease condition with regards to pathophysiology and pharmacology; and provide an opportunity to demonstrate your communication skills.
The instructions are as follows:
Choose one of the given scenarios for your presentation. You will need to log into Moodle and select the case scenario in the assignment section in order to upload the assignment. There arerelatively limited places per scenario.
The maximum video length is 10 mins (with 10% extra as per university guidelines, 11 mins). You can use PowerPoint (or another presentation software such as prezi), pictures/drawing or animation if it helps you to convey your ideas or express your understanding of the concepts.
The video will need to be uploaded to Kaltura and submitted to the video drop box before the due date. There is a how to use Kaltura under the assessment section in Moodle.
This is a formal assignment so ensure you convey a high level professionalism
A reference list of sources you used to create your video (a minimum of 10 references, APA 7th edition referencing style, as text in the video as well as a separate reference list, within the last 7 years, extracted from high quality textbooks or peer reviewed journals. Australian Government websites may be included as references.
You may also add one page of additional notes. For example, if you made an animation, you could include the plan of your animation as additional notes as this may help the marker understand aspects of your video. This page will not be marked directly but may assist the assessor when marking your assignment.
Solution
Introduction
? Effective nursing care facilities require developing positive relationships with patients to understand their needs and make them understand the treatment procedure (Skorpen Tarberg et al., 2020)
? This presentation revolves around the case of John Brown, a 65-year-old patient with a history of COPD.
? COPD can be defined as a respiratory condition where airways cake size is reduced due to inflammation associated with infection for foreign particles such as dust and viruses, resulting in shortness of breath (McGrath-Morrow & Collaco, 2019)
? Recommendations for patient education and pharmacological treatment measures have been mentioned here.
As per the case study, John is a coal mined worker with a history of COPD, and he has been admitted with worsening shortness of breath and production of clear white sputum as well as fatty. University assignment help, based on the vitals in assessment as well as nursing assessment, it can be identified that currently, John has a lack of knowledge regarding medication management as well as a poor understanding of preventive measures while working as a coal miner. Johnny sends it to improve his knowledge regarding medication management and preventive measures to ensure no infection in the current situation.
Pathophysiological Assessment
? Risk factor: History of COPD and continuous shortness of breath. Continuous shortness of breath signifies the development of bronchitis for COPD, and it often hosts avoided risk factors (Zhang et al. 2020).
? Causes: Working in coal mines and disposition of carbon particles in repository tracks can be considered as the significant cause. Coal mine workers have a higher possibility of developing COPD and other lung diseases than surface workers (Batool et al., 2020).
? John has also avoided medications that have resulted in the severity of the condition.
Currently, the risk factors for COPD include continuous shortness of breath and the possibility of developing bronchitis and severe infection. The major cause behind the development of COPD or the progress of COBT is poor medication management and a lack of knowledge regarding preventive measures while working as a coal mine worker. Currently, his condition is in virtue of developing serious lung infection as well as the development of cancer as he has worked for a prolonged period in a coal mine; thus, there is the possibility of significant silica and cold position in his respiratory tract.
Contd
? Pathological changes: Cough and clear white sputum discharge signify the inflammation and infection in the repository track. Shortness of breath results from inflammation of the respiratory tract among COPD patients (Lareau et al., 2019).
? Signs and symptoms: Vital symptoms for John include weight loss, cough and sputum production, tiredness, and discomfort due to shortness of breath.
While understanding the pathological changes can be identified that John has a cough, and the cough color is clear white. This condition signifies an infection in the chest, and the shortness of breath is a result of the continuous inflammation in the respiratory tract along with the infection. While understanding the signs and symptoms, it can be identified that weight loss and cough conduction is a vital symptom that has been avoided by John, which has resulted in the current situation. John is needed to focus on his medication management along with airway clearance exercises to deal with the situation.
Application
? While analysing the patient's symptoms, it is clear there is a possibility of chest infection if the condition is not treated.
? Occupation silica and coal disposition in the repository track leads to blockage of the respiratory tract resulting in inflammation and shortness of breath (Vanka et al., 2022)
? Long-term disposition of coal and metal dust can lead to severe lung cancer.
Based on an assessment of symptoms, it becomes clear that John has a significant possibility of infection, and there is the possibility of developing cancer due to the continuous demolition of silica and coal while working as a coal miner. There is a possibility of developing pneumonia and other respiratory tract issues. Thus John needs to focus on his medication management and continuous monitoring of vital signs here.
Contd
? There is the possibility of developing heart and lung diseases and blockage in repository tracks leading to heart failure (Vanka et al., 2022)
? There is also scope for developing high blood pressure, and obstruction in the respiratory tract can result in a lack of oxygenated blood supply to other parts of the body.
? There is the possibility of developing lung infections such as pneumonia in the case of John, as he works in a coal mine where there is the possibility of developing respiratory diseases faster.
In the case of COPD, there is a possibility of developing heart and lung disease and calling respiratory tract issues that can result in heart failure. In the case of COPD, there is a possibility of developing heart and lung disease and calling respiratory tract issues that can result in heart failure. There is also a possibility of other diseases, including High blood pressure and lack of supply of oxygenated blood to other parts of the body resulting in overall degraded health condition. The current risk factors for the patient are chest infection and lung failure due to the position of sputum and silk, as well as dust. In this condition, the situation can get severe if the patient has continuous exposure to pollution and poor air wick clearance in the respiratory tract.
Pharmacological treatment
? Currently, the patient is recommended oxygen therapy via nasal spec band, and a sputum specimen examination has been recommended.
? Nebulized Salbutamol QID and Budesonide BD have been recommended to the patient.
? As part of nursing intervention, the focus will be on educating the patient and monitoring the changes in vitals in the case of COPD.
? An alleviated bed position for supporting respiration and assisting patients in achieving the right position for easy breathing is necessary in the case of COPD (Wadsworth et al., 2023).
John has been recommended for oxygen therapy as well as certain medications which are needed to be followed. Another nurse's responsibility here is to focus on the monitoring of vital signs to identify any changes in conditions and rapidly communicating with professionals in case of any deterioration in conditions. There is a need to ensure proper breathing and respiration for the patient. In this case, alleviated bed positions can be beneficial; the major nursing intervention here will be the elevated bed position to allow patients to breathe comfortably.
Contd
? Another major nursing intervention in the case of John is making him aware of the impact of environmental pollution on his respiratory tract as he was a coal miner.
? Encouraging and assisting with lip breathing exercises is a part of the self-management technique that a nurse needs to assist and guide a patient as part of the intervention (Westland et al., 2022).
? Because of the medication, the patient can suffer from the side effects of dry mouth and nausea, and headache. In such cases, the patient must be properly guided to manage the situation.
The history of John signifies that the patient has avoided medication management practices and proper consumption of medications. The current medication has the side effects of dizziness and nausea, which must be avoided and self-managed. Thus the patient needs to be guided in terms of medication management and a proper chart of medications and proper time as well as the side-effects and needs to be made. The nurse's responsibility is to make the patient aware of the side effects and proper medication management.
Education to patient
? Being a coal mine worker, the patient needs to know the preventive measures for infection.
? The use of masks and breathing exercises can help to avoid developing serious lung disorders among mine workers (Wood & Yates, 2020).
? In the case of John, there is a need to educate him about breathing exercises as well as the use of a mask as well as taking a certain break within work to access fresh air.
As part of patient education here, John is needed to be educated regarding the exercises and guidance regarding exercise to ensure proper breathing and Everton's shortness of breath. John needs to be guided regarding the exercises to be considered daily to improve his respiratory conditions.
Contd
? Self-management techniques must be communicated in terms of medication management and following a proper diet along with an exercise routine.
? Breathing exercises and minute physical exercises can help to improve the strength of the lungs as well as promote airways clearance (Yang et al., 2022)
? Such exercises are needed to educate the patient on better self-management of the condition.
As part of the self-management technique, diet, chart follow-up, and medication management become vital here. The nurse must prepare a chart and guide the patient to follow the chart to avoid complications.
Conclusion
? Thus it becomes even that along with nursing management during hospitalisation, the patient is needed to be educated on breathing exercises and medication management.
? Here progression of COPD results from history and working in a coal mine without any protection.
Based on the assessment, it became clear that John is needed to improve his self-management practice, as the current situation is the result of poor self-management. Nurses' role here is to properly educate the patient regarding re-grime to be followed to ensure improvement in condition.
References
Batool, A. I., Naveed, N. H., Aslam, M., da Silva, J., & Rehman, M. F. U. (2020). Coal dust-induced systematic hypoxia and redox imbalance among coal mine workers. ACS omega, 5(43), 28204-28211. https://pubs.acs.org/doi/full/10.1021/acsomega.0c03977
Lareau, S. C., Fahy, B., Meek, P., & Wang, A. (2019). Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). American Journal of Respiratory and critical care medicine, 199(1), P1-P2. https://www.atsjournals.org/doi/pdf/10.1164/rccm.1991P1
McGrath-Morrow, S. A., & Collaco, J. M. (2019). Bronchopulmonary dysplasia: what are its links to COPD? Therapeutic advances in respiratory disease, 13, 1753466619892492. https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/pdf/10.1177/1753466619892492
Skorpen Tarberg, A., Landstad, B. J., Hole, T., Thronæs, M., & Kvangarsnes, M. (2020). Nurses’ experiences of compassionate care in the palliative pathway. Journal of clinical nursing, 29(23-24), 4818-4826. https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdfdirect/10.1111/jocn.15528
Vanka, K. S., Shukla, S., Gomez, H. M., James, C., Palanisami, T., Williams, K., ... & Horvat, J. C. (2022). Understanding the pathogenesis of occupational coal and silica dust-associated lung disease. European Respiratory Review, 31(165). https://err.ersjournals.com/content/errev/31/165/210250.full.pdf
Wadsworth, B. M., Kruger, P. S., Hukins, C. A., Modderman, G. A., Brown, D., & Paratz, J. D. (2023). The feasibility of using mouthpiece ventilation in the intensive care unit for post-extubation breathing support after acute tetraplegia. Spinal Cord, 1-8. https://www.nature.com/articles/s41393-023-00889-z
Westland, H., Page, S. D., van Rijn, M., Aryal, S., Freedland, K. E., Lee, C., ... & Riegel, B. (2022). Self-care management of bothersome symptoms as recommended by
clinicians for patients with a chronic condition: A Delphi study. Heart & Lung, 56, 40-49.https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S014795632200125X
Wood, C., & Yates, D. (2020). Respiratory surveillance in mineral dust-exposed workers. Breathe, 16(1). https://breathe.ersjournals.com/content/breathe/16/1/190632.full.pdf
Yang, M. X., Wang, J., Zhang, X., Luo, Z. R., & Yu, P. M. (2022). Perioperative respiratory muscle training improves respiratory muscle strength and physical activity of patients receiving lung surgery: A meta-analysis. World Journal of Clinical Cases, 10(13), 4119. doi: 10.12998/wjcc.v10.i13.4119
Zhang, W., Sheridan, S. C., Birkhead, G. S., Croft, D. P., Brotzge, J. A., Justino, J. G., ... & Lin, S. (2020). Power outage: an ignored risk factor for COPD exacerbations. Chest, 158(6), 2346-2357. doi: 10.1016/j.chest.2020.05.555
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